Degradation of rhodamine B photocatalyzed by Eu-doped CdS nanowires illuminated by visible radiation

CdS nanowires doped with different contents of Eu dopant were synthesized by solvothermal method. XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman analyses certified that the as-synthesized samples were hexagonal CdS uniform nanowires. The pure CdS nanowires were 1–3 ?μm long and 80 ?nm diameter with the 1st and 2nd order longitudinal phonon modes at 298 and 594 ?cm^?1. The 3% Eu-doped CdS wires were 800 ?nm–2.5 ?μm long and 75 ?nm diameter with the 1st and 2nd order longitudinal phonon modes at 296 and 593 ?cm^?1. CdS nanowires grew along the [001] direction due to the surface energy effect. The photocatalytic properties of CdS and Eu-doped CdS nanowires were investigated for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) illuminated by visible radiation. In this research, Eu dopant played the role in promoting the photocatalytic kinetics because Eu³⁺ ions act as an electron acceptor to promote charge separation and photocatalytic activity. Both ^●OH and ^●O₂^? were the main active radicals used to transform RhB molecules into CO₂, H₂O and other intermediates.     

The Application of Fractal Transform and Entropy for Improving Fault Tolerance and Load Balancing in Grid Computing Environments

This paper applies the entropy-based fractal indexing scheme that enables the grid environment for fast indexing and querying. It addresses the issue of fault tolerance and load balancing-based fractal management to make computational grids more effective and reliable. A fractal dimension of a cloud of points gives an estimate of the intrinsic dimensionality of the data in that space. The main drawback of this technique is the long computing time. The main contribution of the suggested work is to investigate the effect of fractal transform by adding R-tree index structure-based entropy to existing grid computing models to obtain a balanced infrastructure with minimal fault. In this regard, the presented work is going to extend the commonly scheduling algorithms that are built based on the physical grid structure to a reduced logical network. The objective of this logical network is to reduce the searching in the grid paths according to arrival time rate and path’s bandwidth with respect to load balance and fault tolerance, respectively. Furthermore, an optimization searching technique is utilized to enhance the grid performance by investigating the optimum number of nodes extracted from the logical grid. The experimental results indicated that the proposed model has better execution time, throughput, makespan, latency, load balancing, and success rate.     

Recent advances on the use of active anodes in environmental electrochemistry

Active anodes, especially those consisting of metal mixed oxides (MMOs) containing Ru and/or Ir oxides, have been applied in the treatment of wastewater, especially when chloride ions are present. Their characteristics continuously drive the study of applications of these materials, be they in the degradation of different organic molecules, the preparation of new electrode materials and in the association of various processes to increase pollutant removal. Thus, this brief review aims to present some of the recent advances in the application of active anode materials in environmental electrochemistry. Focussing on the 2018–2020 period, it is possible to note many applied studies, using commercially available materials, covering a wide range of target pollutants. Still other studies aim to modify the catalyst surfaces to increase the mineralization capacity, and the use of these anodes in the production of free chlorine species to mediate indirect organic reduction is observed.     

BP neural network recognition algorithm for scour monitoring of subsea pipelines based on active thermometry

Scour monitoring is an important concern for subsea pipeline systems. The active-thermometry-based scour monitoring is based on the difference of heat transfer properties between sediment and sand, recognizes the surrounding media though temperature changing patterns during heating and cooling processes, and hence detects the free spans. Based on the scour monitoring system, a two-layer BP neural network was employed to process the monitoring data and achieved media recognition. The network's inputs were normalized temperature time histories. The network's outputs denoted different media: sediment and water. To validate the method, three experiments were conducted; one was used for training the network and the other two for testing. Also, the effect of noise on the network's performance was studied through simulation. The results demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of the neural network.     

Comparative and evolutionary studies of mammalian arylsulfatase and sterylsulfatase genes and proteins encoded on the X-chromosome

At least 19 sulfatase genes have been reported on the human genome, including four arylsulfatase (ARS) genes (ARSD; ARSE; ARSF; ARSH) and a sterylsulfatase (STS) gene located together on the X-chromosome. Bioinformatic analyses of mammalian genomes were undertaken using known human STS and ARS amino acid sequences to study the evolution of these genes and proteins encoded on eutherian and marsupial genomes. Several domain regions and key residues were conserved including signal peptides, active site residues, metal (Ca²⁺) and substrate binding sequences, transmembranes and N-glycosylation sites. Phylogenetic analyses describe the relationships and potential origins of these genes during mammalian evolution. Primate ARSH enzymes lacked signal peptide sequences which may influence their biological functions. CpG117 and CpG92 were detected within the 5′ region of the human STS and ARSD genes, respectively, and miR-205 within the 3′-UTR for the human STS gene, using bioinformatic methods A proposal is described for a primordial invertebrate STS-like gene serving as an ancestor for unequal cross over events generating the gene complex on the eutherian mammalian X-chromosome.     

基于在线HHT和SVM的汽油机轻微漏气故障识别方法

针对汽油机轻微漏气故障会被闭环反馈控制所掩盖,提出了一种基于在线希尔伯特变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform,HHT)和支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的两阶段微小故障识别方法(Online HHT-SVM,OHS).第一阶段在嵌入式两滑动时间窗内通过HHT对发动机空燃比数据流进行在线时频分析,以实时获取空燃比发生异常的时刻;第二阶段通过SVM对异常时刻的数据流故障模式进行离线识别.根据氧传感器信号特征,对经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)算法进行了改进,并从理论上进行了证明.基于两款发动机的实际运行数据验证了该方法的有效性.     

胜利断块油藏细分注水技术界限研究

老油田进入特高含水期后,剩余油分布更加零散,各种地质因素也因长期注水开发而发生了一定的改变.此时稳油控水难度进一步加大,为了进一步挖掘剩余油,控制含水上升速度、减缓产量递减,必须对注水井采取进一步的细分调整.基于水湿油藏注水井注水层段吸水效果,从注入水受力分析入手,运用达西定律推导出了水驱油藏水驱油全过程中的单位体积注入水沿竖直、地层两个方向运移的渗流速度公式,明晰了水驱油藏注水层段不同开发阶段砂岩吸水机理.研究结果表明,水驱油藏细分注水效果与岩石绝对渗透率、水相相对渗透率、注入水黏度、水动力压力梯度、注水井启动压力梯度、含水饱和度、地层倾角、油水密度差等参数有关.结合胜利油田断块油藏地质特征及细分注水工艺要求,制定了一套适合胜利油田不同断块区的细分注水技术政策界限:层段内渗透率变异系数小于0.3,砂岩条带宽度极比小于2.5,且东辛油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于6m,小层数小于4个;现河油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于5m,小层数小于5个;临盘油区断块油藏层段内砂岩厚度小于6m,小层数小于6个.矿场试验证实,该细分注水技术政策界限是合理、实用的,其为胜利断块油藏注上水、注够水、注好水,实现多层断块油藏的高效开发提供了技术保障,对类似油藏细分注水技术界限研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Volterra核函数法在轴承滚珠磨损中的特征提取及应用

针对滚动轴承滚珠磨损故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于多脉冲激励法下的Volterra级数核的求解算法.该方法是一种非线性系统模型的“交叉”诊断法,利用轴承系统输入输出的采样信号,建立Volterra非线性辨识系统模型,并运用多脉冲激励Volterra低阶核求解算法,将得到的低阶核通过时域和频域进行对比来判断轴承当前所处的运行状态.该文以无心车床主轴轴承为例进行实验验证,并与传统的小波分析法对比得出:多脉冲激励法能够方便准确地提取轴承的故障特征,该方法对此类故障的诊断具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Solid Interhalogen Compounds with Effective Br0 Fixing for Stable High-energy Zinc Batteries

Though massive efforts have been devoted to exploring Br-based batteries, the highly soluble Br₂/Br₃⁻ species causing rigorous “shuttle effect”, leads to severe self-discharge and low Coulombic efficiency. Conventionally, quaternary ammonium salts such as methyl ethyl morpholinium bromide (MEMBr) and tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) are used to fix Br₂ and Br₃⁻, but they occupy the mass and volume of battery without capacity contribution. Here, we report an all-active solid interhalogen compound, IBr, as a cathode to address the above challenges, in which the oxidized Br⁰ is fixed by iodine (I), thoroughly eliminating cross-diffusing Br₂/Br₃⁻ species during the whole charging and discharging process. The Zn||IBr battery delivers remarkably high energy density of 385.8 Wh kg⁻¹, which is higher than those of I₂, MEMBr₃, and TPABr₃ cathodes. Our work provides new approaches to achieve active solid interhalogen chemistry for high-energy electrochemical energy storage devices.     

Co−Co Dinuclear Active Sites Dispersed on Zirconium-doped Heterostructured Co9S8/Co3O4 for High-current-density and Durable Acidic Oxygen Evolution

Developing cost-effective and sustainable acidic water oxidation catalysts requires significant advances in material design and in-depth mechanism understanding for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Herein, we developed a single atom regulatory strategy to construct Co−Co dinuclear active sites (DASs) catalysts that atomically dispersed zirconium doped Co₉S₈/Co₃O₄ heterostructure. The X-ray absorption fine structure elucidated the incorporation of Zr greatly facilitated the generation of Co−Co DASs layer with stretching of cobalt oxygen bond and S−Co−O heterogeneous grain boundaries interfaces, engineering attractive activity of significantly reduced overpotential of 75 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a breakthrough of 500 mA cm⁻² high current density, and water splitting stability of 500 hours in acid, making it one of the best-performing acid-stable OER non-noble metal materials. The optimized catalyst with interatomic Co−Co distance (ca. 2.80 Å) followed oxo-oxo coupling mechanism that involved obvious oxygen bridges on dinuclear Co sites (1,090 cm⁻¹), confirmed by in situ SR-FTIR, XAFS and theoretical simulations. Furthermore, a major breakthrough of 120,000 mA g⁻¹ high mass current density using the first reported noble metal-free cobalt anode catalyst of Co−Co DASs/ZCC in PEM-WE at 2.14 V was recorded.